BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(a) $650,000 TF

Dharma Sreenivasam

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 West Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-1350

Continuing from the 1989-1991 biennium (M.L. 89, Ch.335, Sec.29, Subd.8(b)), the long-term goal of this research program is to develop biological controls for several MN pests including leafy spurge, Canada thistle, European corn borer, corn rootworm, weevils, forest defoliators, filth flies, gypsy moths and grasshoppers. This biennium's research program consisted of eight separate projects carried out by 15 scientists from two colleges and five departments at the University of MN and four scientists from the MN Department of Agriculture.

In the area of weed control, exotic flea beetles were used to successfully control leafy spurge, and a bacterium was isolated and is being patented to be used against Canada thistle. In the area of microbiological control, cultivation of pathogens which act against corn borers and grasshoppers was improved, and suppressive isolates tested against potato scab yielded up to 80% scab reduction over a four-year field test.

In the area of field and vegetable crop control, three parasitoids and one pathogen of the alfalfa weevil were determined to be widely distributed and to reduce weevil populations by 90% or more. The production and field testing of egg parasite species for corn borers has improved but further study is still needed to uncover the combined impact of egg, larval, and pupal parasites. Several treatments were found to be effective at significantly reducing larval infestations by the imported cabbageworm, diamondback moth, and cabbage looper.

Concerning the area of urban, livestock, and commercial greenhouse pest control, a gypsy moth parasite was reared and released at nine sites, 3.2 million parasites were produced for release against houseflies and stable flies, and predators were evaluated for their potential to combat aphids and thrips in commercial rose production.

To disseminate the results of these research projects, a symposium was held in October 1992 with over 140 scientists from the U.S., Canada, Israel, Korea, Mexico, and Europe. Other dissemination has included the publication of 37 articles in scientific journals and ten presentations at national and international conferences. This research program is continuing through the 1993-1995 biennium (M.L.93, Ch. 172, Sec. 14, Subd.3(a).

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(b) $300,000 MFRF

Greg Buzicky

MN Department of Agriculture

90 West Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-5639

This research project investigated the application of bioremediation technologies to pesticide-contaminated soils and water. The bioremediation literature was first reviewed, and then laboratory and field studies were conducted to explore how concentration levels affect the persistence of two pesticides, atrazine and alachlor, at spill sites. It was found that at the high concentrations characteristic of spill sites, degradation of alachlor is slow whereas the degradation of atrazine can be rapid depending upon soil type.

Innovative bioremediation technologies were then studied using plants and microbes in the laboratory. In experiments using cultivated microbes, high concentrations of atrazine were degraded rapidly into harmless end products.

These bacterial cultures were also added to heavily contaminated soils from a site in MN and significant biodegradation was observed. Although the use of bioremediation technologies on pesticide contaminated media is largely untested at the field scale, results from these laboratory experiments show it to be a promising method.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(c) $300,000 MFRF

Dr. H.H. Cheng

Department of Soil Science, U of M

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)625-9734

This research developed and demonstrated ways to reduce nitrogen contamination of groundwater through more effective utilization of nitrogen from manure, legume, and fertilizer sources. An inventory of soil, climate, and management practices of the Central Sands of Minnesota was prepared based on intensive interviews of MN farmers.

The project then evaluated tillage influences on nitrogen available to corn from manure and fertilizer sources as well as nitrate leeching losses. The research also included monitoring soil nitrogen distribution and developed a nitrogen budget for irrigated potatoes. Finally, the experimental models for nitrate leeching were tested and validated.

Early research indicates that over-application of nitrogen on manured fields appears to have the most potential impact on water quality. To minimize nitrogen loss through percolation, different methods were recommended depending upon the season. These recommendations include managing the source and timing of fertilizer application in the spring, managing the amount and timing of irrigation in the summer, and growing a cover crop to tie up the residual nitrogen within the root zone during the fall.

Based on model simulations, a procedure was developed to derive risk indices for nitrate leaching loss from soils as influenced by changes in nitrogen and irrigation management practices and climatic conditions. This procedure has the potential to be linked to the computerized database of the Soil Survey Information System, so that risk indices for other similar soils could be derived.

Demonstrations were also developed during this biennium to be used in educational efforts. Five on-farm demonstration sites were established to illustrate ways of minimizing nitrate contamination including the use of alternative sources of nitrogen, alternative scheduling of nitrogen applications, legume and manure nitrogen credits, improved tillage practices, over crops, and sap nitrate tests for potatoes.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(d) $600,000 TF

David Behm

MN Board of Water and Soil Resources

155 South Wabasha #104

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-0880

The Conservation Reserve Easements project allowed the Board of Water and Soil Resources to accelerate its Reinvest in Minnesota Reserve wetland restoration and easement acquisition activities. This appropriation provided permanent protection to 280.6 acres of restored wetlands and 420.4 acres of adjacent enhanced uplands. This cumulative acreage reflects a net gain in critically important waterfowl production habitat.

Due to these accelerated wetland restoration activities, the Board is pursuing opportunities to leverage further easement acquisition and practice establishment funds within the Minnesota River watershed from the North American Wetland Conservation Act. LCMR funding for continued acquisition activities will continue through the 1993-1995 biennium (M.L. 93, Ch. 172, Sec. 14, Subd. 3(e)).

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(e) $130,000 MFRF

Charles Dale

MN Department of Agriculture

90 West Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-6123

This project developed varietal, cultural, and market information necessary to encourage expanded commercial production of native Minnesota wildflower and grass seed. The project studied the genetic diversity of native species and found that local populations within a region could be intermixed without reducing or altering genetic diversity.

Using these and other findings, solutions to seed production problems were developed that can be used as models for production that are both genetically sound and economically feasible. One example includes subjecting seed to a dormancy-reducing treatment that makes seed more marketable for cultivation.

Germination percentages were also determined for seven species which can be included on seed labels to help increase buyer confidence. Results from this project have been disseminated in a database for the Minnesota Department of Agriculture's Marketing Division that lists all the native seed producers in the state, in a research report entitled "A Market Assessment of Minnesota's Native Wildflower and Grass Seed Industry," and in a fact sheet on native plants that will be distributed through the Minnesota Extension Service.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(a) $150,000 MFRF

Kurt A. Rusterholz

Natural Heritage Program

MN DNR

500 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(612)297-7265

This project developed quantitative, structural definitions of Minnesota old-growth forest types and examined the importance of old growth as sensitive habitat. In northern Minnesota, 60 stands of old-growth and mature white pine, red pine, and northern hardwood were sampled and examined for their structural characteristics and species characteristics.

The findings from this study were used to augment the guidelines and criteria for evaluating candidate old-growth stands. DNR resource personnel and forest inventory contractors are in the process of sampling several hundred candidate stands using these updated criteria. This project is continuing in the 1993-1995 biennium through additional LCMR funding (M.L. 93, Ch. 172, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(c)).

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(b) $220,000 MFRF

Alan R. Ek

Forest Resources, U of MN

2004 Folwell Ave.

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)624-3400

This research examined forest nutrient cycling processes and tree requirements in order to address management questions concerning species-site matching, choice of rotation lengths, and appropriate levels of tree and stand utilization. A positive correlation was found between aspen growth and the availability of calcium and nitrogen. It was also concluded that nutrient cycling in young aspens was high with a corresponding increase in available nutrients, and that increased soil moisture favored nutrient cycling.

This research project also explored the rate at which aspen stands store and accumulate nutrients added by atmospheric deposition and soil weathering and how nutrient cycling via litterfall relates to nutrient fluxes into and out of the system. Data collected during this study came from a wide range of aspen sites in Minnesota and are now accessible for modelling forest growth. The ecosystem simulation model LINKAGES was also refined to facilitate long-term analyses.

STATE FOREST LAND ACQUISITION 

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(c) $500,000 MFRF

John Hellquist

DNR Forestry

500 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(612)624-9298

This appropriation was used to acquire lands in high priority areas of the R.J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest to work toward the acquisition goal of 83,150 acres as identified in the 1979 Plan for Acquisition in the Lewiston Area Forest Resources Plan.

Three properties in Goodhue, Olmsted, and Winona counties were acquired totaling 584 acres. An interpretive trail is being built on the Goodhue county property and all the lands purchased are open to recreational use

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(d) $225,000 MFRF

Steven Laursen

MN Extension Service, U of MN

247 Coffey Hall

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)624-9298

This research project examined the effect of site and stand conditions and forest management systems on oak regeneration. It was found that oak seedling and acorn survival rates were not affected by site preparation with herbicides or bulldozing, or by tree shelters. Tree shelters were found to reduce animal damage and increase the height and diameter growth of seedlings but not acorns.

Researchers also found that survival rates for acorns were significantly lower than survival rates for seedlings, but there was no significant difference in the survival, height, or diameter growth of premium and nursery-run planted oak seedlings.

A data base containing information from 91 recently harvested oak sites was compiled and summarized, and general inspection of the data suggested that oak constituted over 75 percent of removal on most sites but averaged only 12 percent of the regeneration. Analysis showed that oak regeneration may be affected by harvest technique and by the slope and aspect of sites; but it doesn't appear to be affected by residual stand amount or composition.

To disseminate information about this research and about oak management strategies in general, the research team conducted approximately 133 educational events in southeast MN and reached approximately 600 woodland owners, 2371 youth, 210 youth educators, and 1,670 other adults.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(e) $200,000 MFRF

Steven Laursen

U of MN Extension Service

240 Coffey Hall

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)624-7281

This project assessed privately owned oak forests in southern Minnesota for pre- and post-harvest regeneration needs and offered technical and educational assistance to private landowners to help increase oak regeneration.

A total of 1,446 landowners were assisted in some way, and a total of 3,852 acres of woodlands were planned for in detail. 130 acres of timber harvest were planned, over 700 acres of oak were regenerated, and 40 acres of oak were improved.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(f) $70,000 MFRF

Carl A. Mohn

Forest Resources, U of M

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)624-7281

This project continued research initiated by the U of MN Departments of Horticultural Science and Forest Resources by working to develop the biological efficiency of two new tissue culture (cloning) techniques, examining clonal fidelity of these two systems, and assessing the commercial production efficiency of the systems. A root culture system and a micro-cross section (MCS) system were refined and compared.

Both systems produced a satisfactory level of microshoot production and clonal fidelity. In terms of production costs and duration, the root culture system was comparable to the traditional system of shoot tip propagation. However, the micro-culture system would cost roughly 39% less than either of the other two systems because of reduced materials, overhead, and administrative cost.

Commercial use of these results will depend upon acceptance by the forestry industry of one of the tissue culture procedures as a method of clonal propagation.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(g) $85,000 MFRF

Dennis Hummitzsch

Koochiching County Land Department

International Falls, MN 56649

(218)283-6295

This project developed a model based on easily observable aspen stand characteristics that will enable land managers to minimize aspen loss due to decay. The research indicates that the leading indicators of decay are generally age, size, and site index. Consequently, the researchers developed a model that contains one equation which provides a risk index and one that provides an estimate of the amount of decay likely.

The equations will be used in an ongoing project to develop a package which links a geographic information system (GIS) with forest growth and yield models so that other counties and organizations in northern Minnesota can use the models.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 7(h) $400,000 TF

Michael Kilgore

Office of Strategic and Long Range Planning

300 Centennial Office Building

St. Paul, MN 55155

(612)297-2607

This appropriation was used to develop a generic environmental impact statement (GEIS) on timber harvesting in Minnesota. The resulting GEIS identifies and quantifies long-term sustainable timber removal levels, and the environmental, economic, and social impacts that will likely occur over the next 50 years under three different levels of timber harvesting.

In response to the significant impacts identified, the GEIS recommends Minnesota establish several levels of forest programs to deal with issues at the site level, landscape level, and research level. The GEIS process itself provided insights regarding how other large-scale resource assessments might be conducted and how this project's methodology can be applied to other resource studies.

It is expected that the study's findings and recommendations will have a significant impact on the future policies and programs that influence how Minnesota's forest resources are used, managed, and protected.

The draft GEIS has been distributed to policymakers, resource managers, interest groups, and citizens throughout Minnesota, the United States, and Canada. The resulting technical and background papers continue to be used as technical reference guides.

M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 13(g) $150,000 OOC

Fu-Hsian Chang

Center for Environmental Studies

Bemidji State University

Bemidji, MN 56601-2699

(218)755-4104

This appropriation was used to develop biodegradable and recyclable cellulose-based polymers from Minnesota resources that would be attractive to large manufacturers as viable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics. Using aspen hardwood sawdust, ground hybrid poplar, and waste paper towel, cellulose-based plastics were synthesized using the processes of esterification, etherification, and xanthation.

The resulting plastics were assessed based upon water absorption capacity, water vapor transmission rate, water retention capacity, permeability to gases, clarity, heat stability, tensile strength, tearing strength, and elongation. The tearing strength and elongation of the experimental plastics were similar to those of commercial cellophane. The plastic derived from poplar wood had the highest water vapor transmission rate and water absorption capacity. There was little difference between the biodegradability rates of films made from sawdust, poplar wood, or waste paper towels.

To further the research and development of cellulose-based plastics, the researchers recommended the following priorities: utilizing other waste sources rich in cellulose; choosing pretreatment pathways and conditions that will increase reactivity and yields; improving synthesis techniques; studying different proportions in each formula that are suitable for various uses of packaging products; studying the forming, dyeing, and packing of final products; and conducting a detailed cost/benefit analysis in order to reduce the cost of goods and maximize yield efficiency.

The results of this research were presented at the 1993 American Chemical Society Annual Meeting and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(a) $880,000 OOC

Dharma Sreenivasam

MN Dept. of Agriculture

Plant Protection Division

90 West Plato Boulevard

St. Paul, MN 55107-2094

(612)296-1350

This project identified, developed, tested, and implemented biological agents in Minnesota, while focusing on effective integrated pest control with reductions in chemical use and energy costs.

* Scientists from the MN Dept. of Agriculture, the U of MN, and Mankato State University participated in this project.

* Seventeen separate research projects were conducted. Seven projects worked to extend the importation and establishment of natural enemies to must thistle, Canada thistle, cereal leaf beetle, gypsy moth, filth flies, and cabbage and broccoli pests. Eight projects utilized environmental manipulation for Brassica smoother plants, cocklebur, scab and verticillium wilt of potato, sugarbeet root rot, alfalfa pests, corn rootworm, or arthropods in commercial greenhouse productions. Two research projects utilized periodic release of natural enemies to control the European corn borer and insect pests of small grains and forage crops.

* The research experimental design, methodology, validation criteria and application costs developed in the previous 4 to 6 years provide a solid base to refine the above projects for implementation treatments in recent years. The result from the 17 individual projects can improve Minnesotans' capabilities to protect human health, the natural environment, and surface and ground waters, while maintaining and improving food production.

* This project is a continuation from the 1991-1993 biennium: M.L. 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(a).

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(b) $150,000 MFRF

Dennis D. Warnes

West Experiment Station

University of MN

Highway 329

Morris, MN 56267

(612)589-1711

This project developed management strategies for using cover crops in a corn and soybean rotation. Wisely used cover crops reduce wind and water erosion of soil, improve water quality, and reduce the use of persistent synthetic herbicides. Project results include:

• The researchers found that the cover crops must be planted before harvesting the corn and soybeans for successful establishment and growth through the fall and into the spring.

• The cover crops were found to reduce or add nitrogen (depending on the cover crop used), reduce wind and water erosion of soil, protect and improve water quality, and reduce excessive dependence on synthetic nitrogen inputs.

• When managed properly (regarding timing of planting and harvesting the cover crop), the cover crops did not harm soybean or corn development.

• All research findings have been communicated to the agriculture community, through literature and presentations.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(c) $480,000 MFRF

Gerald Heil

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Boulevard

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-1486

Technical assistance was provided to 4 target areas to develop animal waste control facility (AWCF) designs to rehabilitate feedlots with water quality concerns. The designs met USDA-NRCS standards required to qualify for federal cost-share funds.

* Focus group findings, within the project’s "Feedlot Waste Management Study - Final Report," were used to develop guidelines and ordinances for the feedlot designs.

* 107 pollution abatement system designs were completed and approved. In addition, the "Feedlot and Manure Management Directory" was produced, which helped to the educate of the public.

* This project was extended for completion until 12/31/96.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(e) $823,000

(500,000) TF

(323,000) MFRF

David H. Behm and

Marybeth Block

Board of Water and Soil Resources

155 S. Wabasha Street

Suite 104

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-0880

(612)297-7965

This project acquired perpetual conservation easements on certain marginal lands to protect and improve water quality, control erosion and sedimentation, and enhance fish and wildlife habitat.

•  14 conservation reserve easements were acquired.

•  943.7 acres of riparian cropland was returned to a natural floodplain ecosystem (98 percent within the Minnesota River Basin, 2 percent within the Cannon River Basin).

•  Returning the 14 easement areas to the native vegetative and hydrologic state has significantly reduced inputs of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides to surface waters, as well as provided excellent habitat to fish and wildlife.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(f) $230,000 MFRF

Ying Q. Ji

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-5081

This project determined the capabilities of three different biofilter systems for utilization in recirculating aquaculture technology. The purpose of recirculating aquaculture technology is to conserve water via the collection and removal of wastes from the water systems. Project results include:

• Three recirculating systems were successfully designed and constructed, including: a trickle filter system, a fluidized bed sand filter system, and a submerged thin film filter system.

• Growth of the test fish species tilapia was low in all three systems due to several growth-limiting factors.

• The three systems provided levels of water quality very similar to one another.

• From the least to most expensive, the construction costs of the systems were submerged this film systems, trickle filter system, and the fluidized bed sand filter system.

• A manual of recirculating aquaculture has been developed and many on-site demonstrations were conducted.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(g) $230,000 MFRF

Ying Q. Ji

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)296-5081

This program administered a grant appropriation process that funded projects which evaluate and develop environmentally sound aquaculture systems. Four projects were selected after and extensive review process.

•  The first project demonstrated the FIS-C Aquaculture Bioenergenics Model. This model studied waste load, waste collection techniques, and methods for optimizing feeding efficiency and effectiveness.

•  The second project studied ways to convert aquaculture wastes to agriculture inputs.

•  The third project compared and contrasted different aeration strategies for effectiveness and energy efficiency.

•  The final project developed a new feeding regime to improve the efficiency of food utilization by the fish.

•  Reports covering each project's results were made widely available through the aquaculture newsletters.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(h) $480,000 MFRF

H.H. Cheng, Head

Soil Science Department

University of MN

St. Paul MN 55108

(612)625-9734

This project addressed water quality concerns arising from corn and potato production on sandy soils in north-central Minnesota by developing improved management strategies for water, nitrogen, and herbicide use. Project results include:

• Current agricultural management practices in north-central Minnesota were evaluated by the Farm Nutrient Management Assessment Program survey.

• Best Management Practices for corn and potatoes were improved.

• Herbicide losses to groundwater through irrigated potato production were studied.

• A hydrologic water balance computer model was developed to improve water management

• BMP models considering water and chemical movement were studied for effectiveness.

• Extensive detailed reports, research and extension publications, and 5 on-site demonstrations were provided to summarize the findings and provide information to the public.

• This project was a continuation from the 1991-1993 biennium: ML 1991, Ch. 254, Sec. 14, Subd. 6(c).

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(i) $280,000 MFRF

Gyles W. Randall

University of MN

Southern Experiment Station

Waseca, MN 56093-1926

(507)835-3620

This project developed analytical tools to measure and predict the availability of nutrients-primarily nitrogen - from animal manure applied to soils. Project results include:

• This project improved the ability of soil tests to predict nitrogen availability to plants, when the source of the nitrogen is previously applied manure.

• Knowledge of the mineralization rate of incorporated manure on the release of nitrogen to succeeding crops was improved.

• The potential impact of the time and rate of manure application on nitrate leaching were determined.

• Surveys completed during the project have provided understanding of the current and anticipated future manure handling systems and manure utilization and nutrient management practices.

• Knowledge gained from these surveys had contributed to the creation of Best Management Practices and the decline of harmful environmental impacts.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(j) $500,000 MFRF

John F. Moncrief

Soil Science Department

U of MN

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)625-2771

This project investigated controllable factors (such as tillage systems and erosion control measures; manure and fertilization source, application timing, and rates) and uncontrollable factors (such as soil type and climate) that influence the losses of contaminants to surface and groundwater in southeastern Minnesota where karst and sinkholes are numerous. The project also evaluated the potential for land applications of poultry compost as a cost-effective disposal method for the southeaster poultry industry.  Project results include:

• The project's survey indicated that farmers have reduced off-farm nitrogen inputs significantly, and that ninety percent are following Best Management Practices.

• Manure applications were shown to improve waste infiltration and reduce runoff.

• The utilization of magnetic inductance resistivity (MIR) was evaluated for detection of the presence of residuum, glacial till strata, and loess thickness and limited success.

• The Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management computer model was proven to occur predict runoff early in the season and under predict runoff late in the season and will need more validation of SE MN.

• In evaluating the disposal of poultry, extrusion of turkey and chicken mortality was found to be viable as an alternative to composting. Artificial fertilizers, compost and turkey manure were determined to have the same impacts on crop yield and field conditions.

• Educational efforts have communicated the findings of this project tot the public in the southeastern position of Minnesota.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(k) $260,000 MFRF

Samuel D. Evans

West Central Experiment Station, U of MN

Morris, MN 56267

(612)589-1711

This project improved methods of manure use in West Central Minnesota; which has served to increase efficiency and reduce the probability of nitrogen and phosphorus losses to the environment. Project results include:

• Soil nitrate-N tests to a 2-foot depth on manured and fertilized plots, either at corn emergence or at the 5-leaf stage, were fairly well correlated with corn grain yield.

• Computer models were found to simulate various manure management scenarios, but did show some degree of error due to the year-to-year variability of the Minnesota climate.

• Manure applications were found to reduce runoff, sediment, and total phosphorous during the growing season.

• The shallow disturbances of the ridge tillage, method were more effective at containing soil and chemical losses that the deep moldboard plowing method.

• The project indicated that manure testing produced fewer application errors and greater economic efficiency than manure utilization without testing.

• On-sire demonstrations were conducted on 3 different farms to communicate the new information produced by their project.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 3(l) $294,000 OOC

Bruce R. Montgomery

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Boulevard

St. Paul, MN 55107

(612)297-7178

This project developed new soil specific, variable rate nitrogen applications that increased operating efficiency and reduced levels of applied nitrogen, without reductions in agriculture yield. The results from the utilization of the variable rate technology have illustrated the potential for immediate energy, fertilizer, and economic savings as well as reduced environmental risk. Soil conditions maps were successfully created which revealed nitrogen levels unique to the locations of the soil samples. Additional project results include:

• The appropriate nitrogen application rates and desirable Best management Practices were determined via the newly created soil condition maps.

• The variable rate technology, which utilizes the soil condition maps, discourages the tendency for over-fertilization, and thus, contamination of surface and groundwaters.

• A Nitrogen Expert System, a user friendly computer aid, was developed as an educational tool to promote site specific, environment friendly management.

• Educational activities and literature have further aided the new technology's acceptance and growth.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 5(a) $80,000 MFRF

Lawrence K. Miller

DNR Forestry

General Andrews Nursery

P.O. Box 95

Willow River, MN 55795

(218)372-3183

A DNR-acquired farm site near Moose Lake, MN, was utilized to further the goals of the tree improvement program by producing genetically-improved tree seedlings.

•  2 seed orchards were established to eventually produce genetically-improved seed for the state nursery program: a first generation northern red oak orchard and a second generation black spruce orchard.

•  The orchards have been, and will continue to be, intensively managed for efficiency and effectiveness.

•  The orchards have been designed to produce seed superior in growth rate, form, wood quality, and/or pest resistance.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 5(d) $210,000 MFRF

Melvin J. Baughman

U of MN

Dept. of Forest Resources

1530 N. Cleveland Ave.

St. Paul, MN 55108

(612)624-0734

This project assessed the relationship between canopy gap characteristics and stand development; measured the effects of site preparation and crown closure on red oak regeneration; and conducted an educational program on hardwood forest management. Results of the project's experimentation included:

• Red oak regeneration in canopy gap was affected by gap age, area, aspect, upper-slope steepness, presence/absence of a root restricting zone within 32 inches below the ground surface, the soil's A:E horizon sand ratio, and amount of advance regeneration prior to harvest.

• Leaf shape was successfully used to differentiate northern pin oak trees from northern red oak trees and hybrids.

• Acorn numbers were found to be higher in understory and shelterwood sites that in clearcut sites, but the combined influence of dispersal, predation, and microsite result in greater likelihood of germination and early survival than in understory sites. In all overstory treatments, burning had a positive impact on acorn numbers, germination and early establishment.

• Planted red oak seedlings were found to be larger in plots treated with herbicides than in plots receiving mechanical or no understory treatments.

• Oak seedlings with large root systems grew larger than nursery run seedlings.

• Tree shelters, encouraged seedling height, but not diameter.

• 110 educational events on forestry subjects were conducted reaching over 900 woodland owners and loggers, 2,500 youth and educators, and 1650 other adults.

• The knowledge gained from this project can help forest mangers, learn to better assess the red oak regeneration potential of a site and adapt the harvest, site preparation, or planting practices to more successfully regenerate oak.

M.L 1993, Ch. 172, Sec. 14,  Subd. 6(c) $250,000 MFRF

Kurt A. Rusterholz

Natural Heritage Program

DNR, Box 7

500 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(612)297-7265

The DNR accelerated the evaluation of DNR old-growth candidate stands, developed detailed descriptions of old-growth examples of three forest types; and, characterized the ecotropic mycorrhizal fungi found in important old-growth forest types.

•  449 DNR old-growth candidate stand were sampled during the project

•  Of the 449 stands, 415 were formally evaluated and recommended for protection or release.

•  51 forest stands of three forest types: maple-basswood, oak, and black ask swamp were sampled for species and structural composition.

•  Mycorrhizal fungi fruiting bodies (mushrooms) were quantitatively surveyed in two old-growth forest stands. Higher mushroom species richness was found in the old-growth forests for eastern North America, and will provide baseline data for environmental monitoring of forest health.

•  The results of the old-growth stand evaluations have been used by the DNR to identify which candidate stand will be protected as old-growth.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(e) $85,000 FRF

Cindy Buttleman

DNR Minerals Division

2115 Birchmont Beach Road NE

Bemidji, MN 56601

Phone:(218) 755-4067

Fax: (218)755-4024

E-mail: cindy.buttleman@dnr.state.mn.us

The intent of this appropriation was to coordinate a long-term plan for the beach ridges in Clay county that balances protection of native prairies with a sustainable aggregate industry. The project had three objectives. The first was to develop a long-term plan for the beach ridges through a local Forum. This Forum hosted many events over the past two years, and under the local leadership of the Steering Committee, produced a final report containing a comprehensive slate of recommendations. The final report and recommendations, in conjunction with preliminary work on implementing some of the recommendations, constitutes the County’s plan for the future.

The second objective was to integrate existing natural resource information for Clay County into a customized geographic information system. Numerous existing digital datasets were collected and put into a format that could be used in combination with other datasets. These datasets together with data documentation, a demo, users’ guide and selected maps were then captured on a CD-ROM that was installed on a computer in a regional library, a science center and the courthouse. This is one of the first projects in the state to use GIS technology in a public setting.

The final objective was for the project to have an outreach component to involve and inform the public about the project and the values of the beach ridges of Clay County. These projects were to be summarized in different ways for future use by a full range of the public. Some of the informational products developed by the Forum include: 1) computerized resource information on CD-ROM; 2) map displays; 3) a coloring book distributed on Earth Day; 4) an information handbook; 5) the final report with recommendations; and 6) a video.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(h) $200,000 FRF

Gerald F. Heil

Minnesota Department of Agriculture

90 West Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(651) 296-1486

RESEARCH PROJECT

These funds were used to address two objectives. The first objective was to determine the impact of manure integration within a conservation tillage system on water quality since direct entry of surface runoff into tile inlets in Southern Minnesota contributes to the non-point source pollution in the Minnesota River. Snow melt was found to be the major source of runoff, with its associated losses of nutrients (N and P) and oxygen-sink chemicals (COD) entering tile inlets. Sediment loss in the snow melt, however, was found to be negligible with little practical impact. Baseline data for rainfall runoff between watersheds is pending, since rainfall runoff monitoring was continued to the 1997 growing season. The second objective was to evaluate the potential for amelioration of manure effluent utilizing constructed earthen basins since dairy farms in SE Minnesota often have a strong positive nitrogen balance. The occurrence and amounts of gaseous nitrogen losses from a liquid manure management system with recycled flush water were investigated on a dairy farm in Winona County with 150 to 165 cows. N-losses to the atmosphere from manure storages reduce the amount of nitrogen that needs to be land applied, thereby reducing possible excess fertilization, which could lead to water pollution. Such losses are desirable if they occur through denitification. At this site, the prevailing mode of nitrogen loss was found to be ammonia volatilization. Denitrification losses were negligible.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(i) $300,000 FRF

$267,000 Nonstate Match

David Wall

MPCA-Division of Water Quality

520 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(651) 296-8440

RESEARCH PROJECT

Two main components of the project were completed: (1) analysis of the treatment of cattle-feedlot runoff with grass filter strips at two sites in Minnesota, and (2) the monitoring of earthen manure storage system seepage. Final reports for this project, done in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, will be completed in December 1998 with peer review conducted by the Survey in early 1999.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(n) $160,000 TF

Kurt A. Rusterholz

DNR

Box 7

500 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(651) 297-7265

RESEARCH PROJECT

The overall goal of this project was to develop initial, site-based silvicultural guidelines that will maintain the structural and compositional aspect of diversity on commercial forests in eastcentral Minnesota. This goal was achieved by using the LINKAGES forest growth and harvesting model to simulate and evaluate a variety of silvicultural practices on common soil types and under condition of the current climate as compared to conditions predicted for climate change over the next 400 years. A total of 57 LINKAGES simulations were made. Assuming no change in climate over the next 400 years, partial cutting management scenarios which allow a maximum removal of 30% basal area every 10-20 years would maintain a high-quality northern hardwoods cover type and compatible commodity timber production, in the Nemadji State Forest, on the soil types examined. However, under climate change conditions the forest cover type does not persist and therefore, no commodity production is possible. These results demonstrate that guidelines based on average stands on average soils are inadequate for making the best management decisions at the stand level. This is especially true in the face of increased demand on forested lands coupled with potential effects of climate change.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(q) $125,000 FRF

Peter Buesseler

MN DNR

1221 E. Fir Ave.

Fergus Falls, MN 56537

Phone:(218)739-7497

Fax:(218)739-7601

The decline of grass and forage based agriculture, and the upcoming end of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has been a cause of concern for the Glacial Lake Agassiz Beach Ridges area. This project offered an opportunity to let landowners and communities voice their concern, put "sustainable development" into operation and learn how agencies and programs can best assist them in that effort.

The project had three objectives. The first was to organize local landscape workgroups to explore and develop integrated strategies for addressing key issues such as, "the future of CRP lands" and "protection of biodiversity." A 25 member steering group and 4 citizen panels completed the report "Two Futures: Citizens Define Ways to Manage Glacial Lake Agassiz Ecosystems" and a discussion guide and moderator’s handbook for use by other communities and organizations involved with addressing similar issues.

The second objective was to implement integrated, cooperative projects targeted to the specific needs of the pilot prairie/farmland landscape. This objective was delivered through a partnership with the Resource Conservation and Development Councils serving the area which enabled the leverage of an additional $50,000 from USDA/NRCS. Nineteen separate projects were completed, including but not limited to on-farm demonstrations, community education activities, and cooperative resource assessments.

The final objective was to evaluate both individual landowner and lender implications of post-CRP and other grassland management decisions. This study suggests that while there may be farm-specific grass-based systems that are financially superior to current management returns, the expansion of grass-based systems will remain particular to individual farms. A one-size-fits-all system is unlikely to be found.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(r) $225,000 FRF

$ 50,000 Nonstate Match

Shelly Eckblad

Whitewater Joint Powers Board

1485 Industrial Drive NW, Room #102

Rochester, MN 55901

(507) 280-2850

This appropriation provided for the development and evaluation of farming systems for impacts on ecosystems, profitability, and quality of life through on-farm research, experiment station research, watershed demonstration farms, and education. Objectives included: develop and test indicators that can be used by farmers for monitoring impacts on their farm ecosystem, economics, and social well-being, develop and implement farm management systems that meet farm operators’ goals and those set by the Whitewater Watershed for sustaining area ecosystems, and promote sustainable agricultural systems through educational materials and programs.

The Monitoring Team completed three years of research and education designed to test a process of on-farm observation and interaction that brings together farmers and other professionals. The project has focused on farms in transition to Management Intensive Grazing (MIG).

A self-guided tour is completed and marked by a roadside pullover, signs, and brochures. It is located near Whitewater State Park and is open to the public. The park is including it in their Whitewater Valley Points of Interest map, which is handed out to park visitors. In addition, Public education via presentations on the Whitewater Watershed, including the LCMR-funded Demonstration Farms, is a continuing process that has reached over 10,000 people. This project received an extension and was completed June 30, 1998.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 5(s) $100,000 FRF

$ 50,000 Nonstate Match

Tim King

Sustainable Farming Association of Minnesota

RR2, Box 178A

Box 178A, Long Prairie, MN 56347

(320)732-6203

E-mail: timking@maroon.tc.umn.edu

The key objectives of this project were to promote adoption of farming practices that are environmentally and economically sound by strengthening the education networks of the Sustainable Farming Association (SFA). One hundred and fifteen workshops, field days, pasture walks and annual meetings featuring many aspects of farming practices that are environmentally sound were put on by SFA chapters and the State SFA during the past two years. These programs were delivered to over 6,000 people across Minnesota. The University of Minnesota’s Southwest Experimental Station was a co-sponsor of one of the on-farm demonstrations. The event focused on runoff from pastures into waterways. Two new chapters of the SFA were formed in Coteau Ridge and the Princeton area, increasing membership from 800 families to a current level of approximately 1000 families, and the groundwork was established for two additional chapters. Independent research has indicated that SFA members have benefited from improved relationships with major institutions and are more likely to adapt more environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

A second project objective was to develop a cooperative network and conduct complementary on-farm and Southwest Experiment Station research to advance the development and use of sustainable farming practices. Development of this network of farmers and researchers proved to be a challenge. Researchers have traditionally treated members of communities and organizations as passive subjects. During this project, a more holistic approach called Participatory Action Research (PAR) evolved in which members of the group of interest are actively engaged as important, essential partners in the quest for knowledge. SFA initiated 12 such conversations with farmers in southwest Minnesota on topics concerning their soil management, history and observations. The results of these activities are presented in the report Participatory Action Research: Redefining the Relationship between Scientist, Farmer, and the Land. They will also be published in a Master of Science Thesis at the University of Minnesota.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 7(h) $150,000 FRF

Wayne P. Anderson / Tim Larson
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155-4194
(651) 296-7323 / (651) 282-5559                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

RESEARCH PROJECT

Overall Project Outcome and Results This appropriation was for the continued research on the impacts of best management practices (BMP) for surface tile inlets in the Minnesota River basin. Objectives included the gathering and analysis of experimental data from tile systems with and without surface tile inlets. Agricultural tile line water quality was monitored at the Merle Anderson farm near St. James and at two sites on the John Rollings farm near Vernon Center. Subsurface and surface tile inlets were studied at both sites. Water flow and weather parameters were recorded continuously on electronic data loggers. Water quality samples were collected by event-triggered automatic samplers during recharge (rain and snow melt) events. The concentrations of sediments, nutrients, pesticides and dissolved ions were measured in the recharge event samples.

This project also had an objective; to develop and evaluate a simulation model for watersheds with surface tile inlets. Model requirements were to simulate hydrologic and sedimentologic processes, including the influences of best management practices for the land and for the inlets themselves. An evaluation of predictive accuracy of the model is an important step in its development. A suite of routines, collectively referred to as DROPLETS (Drainage Response Of Pothole Landscapes and the Erosion and Transport of Sediment) Model, to assess the hydrologic and sedimentologic impact of surface tile inlets were developed. Two different management scenarios, the impact of upland tillage practices on the sediment load to the inlet and the effectiveness of a grass buffer zone around the surface tile inlet, were analyzed using the DROPLETS routines. Both scenarios were evaluated for the Rollins Farm East Experimental Site using a minimum of 200 years of simulation. The no-till operations were more effective in reducing the sediment load. In comparison to conventional tillage, the no-till operation reduced sediment load by approximately 85%. The grass buffer reduced sediment load of conventional tillage by approximately 55%.

Project Result Use and Dissemination The results of this study have been reported at the local, state and national level through publications and presentations at scientific meetings.

This project was completed November 30, 1998.

M.L. 1995, Ch.  220, Sec. 19, Subd. 7(k) $200,000 FRF

Mary J. Hanks

MN Dept. of Agriculture

90 West Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

(651) 296-1277

Appropriation added by the 1995 Legislature to the LCMR Recommendations

This appropriation was for the continued analysis of lands enrolled in the conservation reserve program relative to nonpoint source pollution, developing land management options for lands emerging from the program and developing the capability to target future program funds for the greatest environmental benefit. GIS maps were completed for 700,000 acres of CRP land in 58 counties, all CRP land remaining in counties. The relative importance of CRP lands for soil conservation and water quality was assessed through environmental and geographic analysis and as a result environmentally and economically sound land use alternatives for land returning to production was identified and communicated to interested parties.

Over 1,000 conservation professionals in every county were introduced to the Minnesota CRP GIS Database and offered free copies of the digital data at more than 20 conference exhibits and presentations. The database will continue to be made available from MDA, BWSR and other state agencies. Lastly a computer-based CRP policy simulation program, Ag Land was devloped. The game links GIS, contract holder surveys, and land use alternatives data, it was tested by more than 200 students, farmers and conservation professionals.

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 6(b) $150,000 TF

Nonstate Match $50,000

Bruce Montgomery

MN Dept of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55155

Phone: 651/297-7178

Fax:651/297-2271

E-mail: bruce.montgomery@state.mn.us

Results located at web address: http://www.mda.state.mn.us

This project accelerated knowledge of nitrate levels in private drinking water supplies through development of water testing clinics and education programs for rural well owners. Over 14,000 drinking water samples have been tested and 254 clinics conducted throughout the state under the program. Approximately 10% of the samples tested were found to exceed the drinking water standard of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen. A voluntary survey (8000 respondents) was used to collect information on the characteristics of wells, distances from point and non-point sources, water treatment, and water-testing history. Approximately 15% of the sand point wells, 35% of all hand dug wells, and 8% of drilled wells exceeded the standard. Age of well also correlated with higher nitrate levels with wells aged 0-10, 11-20, 21-50, and older than 50 years being 6, 8, 12, and 26% above the standard respectively. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(a) $200,000 TF

David Ragsdale

University of MN

219 Hodson Hall,

1980 Folwell Ave.

St. Paul MN 55108

Phone: 612/624-3636

Fax: 612/625-5299

E-mail: ragsd001@maroon.tc.umn.edu

Results located at web address: http://www.mes.umn.edu/~vegipm/ragslab/ragsbio.htm

RESEARCH PROJECT

The goal of this research was to reduce reliance upon chemical control of key pest species in agricultural production systems by developing biologically based methods of pest control. Several parasites of filth flies have been identified and are being investigated as potential candidates for pest control. Research on the interference of potato fungicides with parasitic fungi that kill aphids has shown that all commonly used fungicides adversely impact several species of beneficial fungi. Genetically engineered cover crops are being developed that will act in suppressing weed growth but can be eliminated through application of a non-toxic chemical. In addition, the application of a bacteria-derived chemical (Spinosad) was found to be effective in controlling three species of caterpillar and the cabbage looper that are pests in cabbage. In addition, application of Spinosad at half the maximal rate was effective in larval pest control while still conserving more beneficial insect predators and parasites. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/00

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(b) $300,000 TF

Linda Kinkel

University of MN

495 Borlaugh Hall,

1991 Upper Buford Cir.

St. Paul MN 55108

Phone: (612)625-0277

Fax: (612)625-9728

E-mail: lindak@puccini.crl.umn.edu

RESEARCH PROJECT

This project determined the utility of novel, non-pesticidal management strategies for diverse crops in Minnesota. Three plant species, when planted as green manure crops, showed potential to enhance natural soil suppression of pathogens by enrichment of indigenous pathogen antagonists. Organic mulching methods in strawberries were found to have detrimental effects on disease management while manipulation of dike vegetation was found to be effective in managing diseases of wild rice. Screening of 2000 bacterial isolates found no species to be effective in inhibiting soybean cyst nematodes. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(c) $560,000 TF

Helene Murray

University of MN

411 Borlaug Hall

St. Paul MN 55108

Phone: (612)625-0220

Fax: (612)625-1268

E-mail: murra021@tc.umn.edu

This project provides a comprehensive program of complementary on-farm and experiment station research, demonstration, and educational activities to examine economic and environmental effects of sustainable farming systems to Minnesota farmers. A partnership of farmers, researchers, land owners, private sector representatives, agency personel, community members, and non-profit organizations has been developed that has planned, implemented, and delivered cooperative research and demonstration projects on sustainable farming systems in the southeast, southwest and west central regions of Minnesota. Runoff and erosion samples have been collected at eight project locations and analyzed for sediment and nutrient content. Results will be used to estimate the environmental impacts of individual sites. Economic indicators have been developed to assess the economic benefits of conservation land practices. Forty-seven outreach events have impacted nearly 2500 farmers and agricultural professionals. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(d) $350,000 TF

Peter Buesseler

MN DNR, SNA program

1221 E. Fir Ave.

Fergus Falls, MN 56537

Phone: (218) 739-7497

Fax: (218) 739-7601

E-mail: peter.buesseler@dnr.state.mn.us

This appropriation has provided a cooperative project for an aggregate resource inventory on public lands, prairie restoration and research, and stewardship plans for management options. As of June 1999, a total of 23 workshops, demonstration projects, community education activities, and training opportunities were held to improve grassland ecosystem stewardship activities in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Interbeach Area. Information resources have been developed in the form of displays, books, and other educational materials. A biomass/energy feasibility study has been initiated to investigate the production of ethanol from native prairie species. A GIS project has been set up to assist in the development of a comprehensive watershed plan for the Pembina River Basin. Two projects have been set up to accelerate the planting of native grass species on CRP acreage. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(e) $250,000, FRF

Mary Hanks

MN Department of Agriculture

90 Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

Phone:(651)296-1277

E-mail: mary.hanks@state.mn.us

Results located at web Address: http://farm-water.coafes.umn.edu

RESEARCH PROJECT

A major strategy recommended to reduce potential sedimentation from lacustrine soils is to increase the practice of conservation tillage on those soils. This research and education program was designed to evaluate these practices using a paired watershed technique. Runoff sediment, phosphorous, chemical-oxygen demanding materials (COD), and nitrogen losses into surface tiles were low. Maximum annual runoff (28.0 mm) was less than 5% of annual precipitation. The maximum 3-yr cumulative pollutant losses were 138 kg/hectare (ha) sediment, 20 kg/ha COD, 363 kg/ha total phosphorous, 205 kg/ha dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorous, 1.3 kg/ha dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and 1.1 kg/ha nitrate-nitrogen. Ponding reduced sediment losses and associate particulate phosphorous and COD losses. Maintaining surface residue cover above 10% (no till-chisel system) reduced pollutant losses in surface runoff compared to conventional system (chisel-moldboard) 2-8 times. Using a crop residue system, soybean yield was reduced 0.1 mg/ha though this small yield reduction is not economically significant. There were no tillage effects on corn yield. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 7(f) $250,000 FRF

Sandra J. Dunn

Dept of Ag

90 W. Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

Phone: (651) 297-2133

Fax: (651) 297-5176

Results located at web address: http://www.mda.state.mn.us

Appropriation added by the 1997 Legislature to the LCMR Recommendations

Mercury is extremely toxic to humans and animals. This project  removed mercury manometers from dairy farms and replace them with safer bourdon tube vacuum gauges. Mercury will be subsequently removed and recycled. Dairy farms having mercury manometers were identified and placed on a list for eventual manometer replacement.  Through the efforts of dairy farmers, dealers and inspectors, 1,550 mercury manometers were identified and 1,353 were replaced with non-mercury gauges.  This effort removed 1,134 lbs of mercury from the environment - at little cost to participating producers.  Through contracts with the selected recycling company, the manometers and mercury were disposed of and recycled in an environmentally safer manner.  COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/01

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 12(c) $200,000, FRF

John Moncrief

Uof M

162 Borlaug Hall,

St. Paul MN 55108

Phone: 612/625-2771

Fax: 507/642-3178

E-mail: moncrief@soils.umn.edu

RESEARCH PROJECT

This project evaluates the environmental impacts and benefits of alfalfa production for electrical power generation. Research shows that alfalfa fields managed under aggressive soil conservation practices generate 1.6 times more runoff than similarly managed corn-soybean fields but produces half the sediment. Alfalfa was found to release more biological-oxygen demanding materials, bioavailable phosphorous, and ammonium nitrogen to snowmelt runoff. Chemical analysis indicates that carbon is a major component of alfalfa fly ash and that the ash could serve as a potential source of potassium for use in potassium-deficient soils and as a limiting agent for acid soils. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/00

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 16(a) $400,000, TF

Steve Simmer

DNR Division of Forestry

500 Lafayette Rd

St. Paul, MN 55155

Phone: (651)297-3508

Fax: (651)689-7120

E-mail: steve.simmer@dnr.state.mn.us

Residential development in and around the Sand Dunes State Forest has increased dramatically. This project has resulted in the acquisition of a substantial portion of the current 700 acres of private land within the state forest considered for potential purchase. A 160-acre parcel has been purchased from one owner within the Sand Dunes State Forest in Sherburne County. A plan will be developed for the tract including 1.) Preservation of rare plants and animals, 2.) Recreation, 3.) Wildlife, 4.) Watershed, 5.) Forest management activities. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 17(a) $875,000, FRF

Terry Weber

MN Forestry Association

PO box 496

Grand Rapids MN 55744

Phone: (218) 326-3000

Fax: (218) 326-3224

The purpose of this project was to develop sustainable, ecosystem-based Woodland Stewardship plans for private landowners and implement natural resources projects by providing matching funds to landowners. Developed around landowner goals and land capability, the plans offer alternatives to meet both landowner and landscape objectives. As of June 2000, over 115,000 acres of plans had been completed as a direct result of this funding. A training session was held to educate consultants (70 in attendance) in the business of landowner forestry assistance. As a result, the pool of professional plan preparers rose from about 15 to over 30 firms and organizations.

The proposal also supported plan implementation. Some examples of the activities completed include the planting of nearly 1.8 million seedlings as a direct result of this funding. Much of that planting was also designed for habitat improvement. An electronic database outlining all of the accomplishments is available.

Landowners paid at least 50% of the cost of implementation. All told $498,000 in matching funds were raised. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/00

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 17(c) $275,000, FRF

Kurt Johnson

NRRI

5013 Miller Truck Hwy.

Duluth MN 55811-1442

Phone: (218)720-4268

Fax: (218)720-9410

E-mail: kjohnson@sage.nrri.umn.edu

The goal of this project was to promote reestablishment of diverse, sustainable peatland ecosystems on harvested peatland sites, through accelerated development of cost effective, reliable peatland restoration techniques. This project resulted in the compilation of a peatland restoration bibliography with over 200 references. Approximately 1200 linear feet of boardwalks were constructed at three demonstration-scale peatland restoration research sites. Water table wells, rain gauges, and soil tensiometers were installed at each site to monitor environmental conditions. The project has resulted in the publication of 6 technical reports, an international symposium, and a guided tour of research sites. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 19(a) $300,000, FRF

Peggy Sand

DNR

1200 Warner Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

Phone: (651)772-7562

Fax: (651)772-7599

E-mail: peggy.sand@dnr.state.mn.us

130 grants to communities were matched by more than 2:1 to plant over 7,000 predominantly native trees, treat 237 Oak Wilt infection centers and protect 760 acres of community forests from spruce budworm and forest tent caterpillar. Not all grantees reported on local workshops they had planned to hold, but based on application information and known events, an estimated 65 workshops and hands on field training sessions were conducted, reaching some 1,800 volunteers and community staff. These include two statewide and one NE regional Minnesota Greening Conferences, presented in Cooperation with the Minnesota State Horticultural Society, MnDOT and the U of M Landscape Arboretum, attended by 465 greening enthusiasts and nearly 200 Extension-trained Tree Care Advisor / Master Gardeners statewide. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 19(b) $120,000, TF

Klaus Puettmann

University of MN

Forest Resources Dept.,

115 Green Hall

St. Paul MN 55108

Phone: (612)625-3733

Fax: (612)625-5212

E-mail: kpuettma@forestry.umn.edu

Results located at web address: http://www.cnr.umn.edu/FR/people/facstaff/puettman/index.html

RESEARCH PROJECT

The goal of this study was to investigate factors limiting the advance regeneration of white pine. This project investigated the effects of overstory, mid-story, and understory vegetation as they alter the environment and compete with white pine seedlings for light and water. The first measurements have been made and are being supplied to natural resource managers for use in providing suitable growing conditions for white pine. Secondly, the project investigated criteria that natural resource managers can use to prepare advanced regeneration for the removal or death of overstory trees and to decide whether a stand is suitable for release. Three sites have been set up to measure the effects of seedling size, growing conditions, and overstory effects on seedling’s ability to respond to release. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/99

M.L. 1997, Ch.  216, Sec. 15, Subd. 20(c) $100,000, FRF

Nonstate Match $100,000

Chris Holm

Bois Forte Reservation

5344 Lake Shore Dr., P.O. Box 16

Nett Lake MN 55772

Phone: (218)757-3261

Fax: (218)757-3312

RESEARCH PROJECT

Project not completed and funds returned. The objective of this study is to define the magnitude of impact of an indigenous aquatic weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) on the growth of wild rice (Zizania aquatica) and on competing vegetation present in Nett Lake, a 7369-acre wild rice lake. A species list of all existing macrophytes in Nett Lake has been compiled along with plant density information stratified by water depth and sediment composition. Rearing and growth chambers for weevil test specimens have been acquired and equipment for weevil feeding and study has been installed at a Bois Forte laboratory. COMPLETION DATE: 6/30/00

M.L. 1999, Ch. 231, Sec. 16, Subd. 7(a) $150,000 TF

Philip Guillery

Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy

2105 1st Ave. South

Minneapolis, MN 55404

Phone: (612) 870-3456

Fax: (612) 870-4846

E-mail: pguillery@iatp.org

Overall Project Outcome and Results This project offered opportunities for private forests to become green certified throughout Minnesota. The primary result of this project was qualifying 115,000 acres of non-industrial private forests (NIPFs) for certification under the Forest Stewardship Council system through the certification of foresters, forest support organizations and educational institutions. Over 3,000 acres were directly certified as well managed by the end of this project through the green certification of two consulting foresters and one environmental learning center. 112,000 will qualify for certification through the certification of one consulting forester, one forestry support organization and one education institution that completed the certification process near the end of the project.

A secondary result of this project was to offer chain-of-custody (COC) certification to small sawmills and wood product manufacturers. COC assures that any certified wood products that are sold in the market place can be traced back to the certified forest from where they originated. Ten wood products companies were certified as a result of this project.

The experience gained from this project demonstrated that many private forest owners are interested in forest certification but more flexible, less costly systems need to be developed to allow foresters and the State DNR to participate fully. This project was able to support the development of a new system that is showing promise in making certification more affordable and flexible. Project completed June 30, 2001.

M.L. 1999, Ch. 231, Sec. 16, Subd. 7(b) $115,000 TF

Barbara Coffin

Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative- Institute for Sustainable Natural Resources

College of Natural Resources- University of Minnesota

250 NRAB, 2003 Upper Buford Circle

St. Paul, MN 55108

Phone: (612) 624-4986

Fax: (612) 624-8701

E-mail: bcoffin@forestry.umn.edu

Web Address: http://www.cnr.umn.edu/ISNR/

Funding accelerated the transfer of new forest-research findings through educational programming coordinated by the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative. The Cooperative, a public/private partnership of natural resource agencies, industry, and non-profit organizations, offers a new model in collaborative continuing education. The formation of the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative recognized the need to structure educational opportunities in an interdisciplinary and collaborative environment. Educational programming of the Cooperative encourages an integrated, systems approach to resource management where social, economic, and ecological values must work together to sustain healthy, productive forest systems.

Workshops (15 serving over 600 natural resource professionals), an international conference (220 participants from Canada, United States, and Mexico), and the development of educational components for the publication/manual Tying Forest Stands to Landscapes were products of the acceleration of funding for the Cooperative. Funding played a critical role in launching this new experiment in collaborative education—the Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative. It is now recognized across the nation as a successful model for how to structure and offer continuing education to multi-disciplinary audiences in natural resources management (see Journal of Forestry, September 2001). Project completed June 30, 2001.

M.L. 1999, Ch. 231, Sec. 16, Subd. 7(d) $350,000 TF

W. Daniel Svedarsky

Northwest Experiment Station

University of Minnesota

Crookston, MN 56716

Phone: (218) 281-8129

Fax: (218) 281-8603

E-mail: dsvedars@mail.crk.umn.edu

RESEARCH PROJECT

This project was made up of 2 subprojects. The first examined challenges of conserving prairie in the Felton Prairie Complex of Clay County where it overlies valuable aggregate resources. This included, 1) an aggregate inventory using rotosonic drilling, 2) the reclamation of an abandoned gravel pit to a wetland and prairie reconstruction to provide a place for public interpretation of the Felton Prairie Complex and adjacent gravel mining activities, and 3) integrated stewardship planning. A site-specific stewardship plan was developed for about 2,000 acres of public land within the Complex with emphasis on developing a conflict resolution process for the 800 acres containing both prairie and gravel. The process recognized society’s interest in prairie conservation as well as the need for aggregate resources.

The second part of the project researched management effects of fire and grazing on prairie vegetation and grassland birds, and the use of prairie vegetation by livestock at selected sites in a 9-10 county area, including Clay County. Rotational grazing contributed to the maintenance of desirable prairie plants more than continuous grazing or no grazing. In spite of a short study period, prescribed burning increased desirable prairie plants over no-burn controls. The post-burn age of prairie plots affected birds differently depending on their habitat requirements, emphasizing the need for a mosaic of post-burn ages of prairie management units in the landscape. Prairie vegetation can provide desirable livestock forage during the warm part of the grazing season since many native grasses grow best then. Moderately-grazed prairie contained more birds that either heavily grazed or lightly-grazed plots. A landowner’s guide to prairie management was prepared and will be widely distributed to individuals and agency prairie managers. It contains finding of this study and other research which is applicable to native prairie management and planting prairie in aggregate-mined areas. Project completed June 30, 2002.

M.L. 1999, Ch. 231, Sec. 16, Subd. 7(e) $200,000 FRF

Bruce Montgomery

Minnesota Department of Agriculture

90 W. Plato Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55107

Phone: (651) 297-7178

Fax: (651) 296-7386

E-mail: Bruce.Montgomery@state.mn.us

RESEARCH PROJECT

Overall Project Outcome and Results Water supplies from Lincoln Pipestone Rural Water System District’s (LPRWSD) are seriously threatened by elevated nitrate levels. This project was successful in bringing various state and federal agencies, UM, area farmers and ag professionals together to develop a response strategy. Local county offices secured EQIP and EPA 319 funds for cost share incentives. Funds provided the technical expertise to develop and coordinate nutrient management plans. Over 40% of the cropland within the Verdi well field enrolled in EQIP. Similar efforts are now taking place in the Holland well field. A grant from LPRWSD will continue plan writing and technical support through 2003.

Current nitrogen recommendations were reexamined in these critical recharge areas. Research found that delaying N applications, using anhydrous ammonia, and/or using band application methods all would be preferred management methods. Continuation of this research, made possible by a grant from LPRWSD, will allow three full cropping seasons to revise existing BMPS.

Public drinking water compliance often requires nitrate removal treatment. An alternative approach for shallow water table aquifers may be phytofiltration. Perennial forages, irrigated with the nitrate-rich ground water during the growing season, remove nitrate and thus reduce nitrate concentrations in recharge water. This research found that this remediation approach has potential in areas where ground water can be readily influenced by leaching. This research will also be continued through 2003. Computer simulation output provided valuable insight into the relationships between management, crop types, and nutrient inputs across soil types in both well fields; this data will be very beneficial in future land use management planning efforts.

Project Results Use and Dissemination Numerous education events were conducted with local producers, dealerships, and water planners. Local media coverage was excellent. "One-on-one" interaction with producers during the nutrient plan writing and implementation was highly effective.

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